He Pātaka Kupu

TE ĀHUA O NGĀ TANGA KŌRERO MŌ TĒNĀ, MŌ TĒNĀ KUPU

Koinei e whai ake nei te raupapa o ngā kōrero tērā ka takoto mō tēnā, mō tēnā aronga i te papakupu nei:

1. Ko te kupu tonu, ko te tau rānei e tohu ana koia te aronga tuatahi, tuarua, tuaaha rānei o te kupu; kua tāia tēnei kia miramira te āhua.
2. Ngā pīmuri whakahāngū, whakaingoa (i ngā wāhi e hāngai ana); kua tāia ēnei kia tītaha.
3. Tōna atua; kei ngā taiapa pēnei [ ].
4. Te/ngā whakamahinga kupu.
5. Mēnā e hou ana te kupu, arā, nō ngā tau o ngā 1980 haere ake i ara ake ai, kua tohua ki te kupu 'hou'.
6. Mēnā i takea mai te kupu i reo kē, arā, i te reo Pākehā, i te reo Tonga, i hea ake rānei, ka whakaaturia tērā i kōnei.
7. Te whakamāoritanga.
8. Mēnā he uri nō Tane, nō Tangaroa, he ingoa Rātini anō tōna, ki konei tērā tāia ai.
9. He whakamārama atu anō e pā ana ki te kupu (i ngā wāhi e hāngai ana); ko te tōna tohu.
10. He tauira e whakaatu ana i te takoto o te kupu ki te rerenga kōrero; ka tāia tēnei kia titaha.
11. Te takenga mai o te tauira (i ngā wāhi e hāngai ana); kei ngā taiapa pēnei ( ).
12. I ngā aronga tuakana, kua takoto mai ngā tēina ki ngā taiapa pēnei { }.
    I ngā aronga teina, kua rere ko te mangōpare ( ) e tohu ana i te tuakana ki tōna taha matau (ka tāia anō tēnei kia miramira).
13. He wā anō ka tāia mai te tohu  ki te mutunga o te aronga, koia e tohu ana i tētahi hononga ki te kupu ka tāia ki tōna taha matau.
14. Mēnā e rua neke atu ngā aronga o te kupu, ko te poutama ( ) e wehe ana i tēnā, i tēnā aronga.

ā¹

1. 1. –ia –ngia–nga –tanga–kanga[Tūmatauenga] mahw, ing, āhua. Ka akiaki i ētahi mea kia neke me te ū ki tētahi ahunga kua tohua. (i) He mana pio ngā ika i āia mai e te āmai i te takutai o te moana i Okarito (Wa 5, 7). (ii) Kua haere ki te ā mai i ngā kau ki te whare miraka { uruhi, whiu¹ (6)}
2. 2. ia –ngia –nga –tanga –kanga [Tūmatauenga] Ka tikitiki haere i ētahi mea, ka waiho tahi ki tētahi wāhi; ka whakahuihui. Kua haere rātou ki te ā kōhatu papai mō te hāngi kohi¹ (1)

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māeke

– tanga[Ranginui]ing, mahp, āhua, tūkē. Te iti o te pāmahana, ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu mea; te mahana kore. Mō te huarere, te taiao me te tangata anake, kaua mō te kai me ētahi atu hanga.He wiri hoki nōna i te māeke i te kauanga mai i te pō i te moana o Rotorua(W162). {anu, anuanu¹ (3), hauanu, hoto¹ (4), hou⁵, houhou³, huka¹ (4), kōanu, koeke, kōpeke, kōwanu, kauanu, kui¹ (3), kuiki, pieke, pitawai, pūanau, toroeke] makariri (1)

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ōkawa

– tanga[Ranginui& Papatūānuku]āhua, ing, mahp.hou. E tōtika ana, e ū ana ki ōna tikanga kua tohua, kua whakatakotoria mō tētahi kaupapa(i) Me mau kākahu papai mō ngā huihuinga ōkawa. (ii) Kāore e tika ana kia whakakopingia te reta ōkawa ki te kōrero ‘arohanui’. (iii) He haere ōkawa tēnei, ehara i te mea kei te peka māori noa atu ōpaki

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kahikatea

[Tane]ing.He rākau e 50 mita te tupu, he rau īnakinaki rite ki te unahi e rere ana i ngā tātā, he karaka ngā hua, he pango te kākano i ngā rākau wahine. Te hua o te kahikatea; te kahikatea kua tuaina, kua tāraia; te papa kua kania mai i te kahikatea. Dacrycarpus dacrydioides { kahika, kaika, kaikatea, katea, kōaka } kāī¹, koroī

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kahikatea

[Tane]ing.He rākau e 50 mita te tupu. Dacrycarpus dacrydioides kahikatea

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NGĀ KUPU MOTUHAKE ME NGĀ ARONGA O TE KUPU

He mea āta whakatāhuhu ngā kupu o te papakupu nei i runga i te whai kia ngāwari te kimi haere, te whai haere i ngā kupu motuhake me ngā aronga motuhake. Mō te nuinga o ngā kupu motuhake he rite tonu te āhua o te whakahua, o te tuhi, pēnei i te 'ngaro' kāore e kitea, i te 'ngaro' ngārara nei, me te 'ngaro' taputapu porotaka nei hei neke i te waka, i whāia tā te Wiremu whakatakoto, i tāna papakupu reo Māori. Inā rā:

Mō te 'ngaro' tuatahi:

ngaro¹

1. –manga –nga [Ranginui & Papatūānuku] maho, ing, āhua. Kua kore e kitea e te kanohi. (i) Anō ko te marama kua ngaro, kua ara anō (W 230). (ii.) Ka ngaro tō tāua Māoritanga ina ngaro tō tāua reo, te pou tokomanawa o tō tāua Māoritanga (KRK 49). {kopa², makaro, ngaropoko, ririu, tarori, whakaero, whakangaro, whatungarongaro}
2. –manga –nga [Ranginui & Papatūānuku] Kāore e kitea, kāore rānei i te wāhi e tika ana. (i) Kua ngaro ia au taku pāhi moni. (ii) Kei te tino mōhio rātou ki ngā maunga, ki te ngahere. Kāhore rātou e ngaro (Wh 10, 3).
3. –manga –nga [Ranginui & Papatūānuku] Kua kore katoa, kāore he wāhanga e toe ana. Ka ngaro te kai, e mimiti tā tūwaewae (W 230). pau¹ (1)
4. –manga –nga [Ranginui & Papatūānuku] maho, ing. Kua kore e maharatia (tētahi mea), te mahinga rānei (o tētahi mahi). Kua ngaro i a au ngā kupu o te waiata. wareware (1)
5. –manga –nga [Tūmatauenga] maho, ing, āhua. Kua wāhia, kua turakina, kua tūkinotia, kua patua rānei, kāore rawa e taea te whakaora ake, te whakatika ake anō. (i) E kore e ngaro, he takere waka nui (W 230). (ii) Ka ngaro i te ngaro a te moa (W 230). (iii) Ka tukua iho te ua o te rangi, ka ngaro te whenua (W 230). {kore¹ (7), maroro, rengarenga, tipoko ukuuku}

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me te roanga atu o ōna aronga. Ko te kupu motuhake tuarua ko te 'ngaro' pepeke nei, arā:

ngaro²

1. [Tāne] ing. He pepeke rere he maha noa atu ōna momo, e rua ōna parirau kōataata, he kōpuku ngā karu, ka kitea e rērere haere ana i rō whare, e piri ana rānei ki te tuanui, he iro āna punua waewae kore. Uhia ā tātou kai kia kore ai e muia e te ngaro. {rango¹}
2. [Tāne] He pepeke rere he maha noa atu ōna momo, kia rere ka tamumu tonu, e rua ōna parirau kōataata, he kōpuku ngā karu, ka kitea i te ngahere, i te whare o te tangata i te raumati, i hea atu rānei, he iro āna punua waewae kore. (i) ka kitea iho kua muia te tou o te hipi e te ngaro. (ii) Muia ana te tahatika o Waipā e te ngaro i te pirautanga o ngā kai (WM 12b, 4). {rango¹}

ngaro ruahine [Whiro] He ngaro, ko ia te whakatinanatanga o te wairua o te tangata e mākuturia ana. {(ngaro tara), (ngaro tāne), (ngaro tamumu)}

ngaro tamumu [Whiro] He ngaro, ko ia te whakatinanatanga o te wairua o te tangata e mākuturia ana. (ngaro ruahine)

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Me te roanga atu o ōna aronga. Ko te kupu motuhake tuatoru, ko te 'ngaro' hei neke i te waka, inā rā:

ngaro³

[Tāne] ing. He poro rākau ka whakatakotoria ki raro i te hanga taumaha, pērā i te waka, e māmā ai te tō haere i taua hanga nā te hurihuri o ngā poro rākau i raro iho. Utaina ki runga ki ngā ngaro kia ngāwari ai te tō mai. rango² (1)

me te roanga atu o ōna kōrero . Ā, mō tēnei o ngā papakupu, i kitea he 'ngaro' atu anō kāore i Te Wiremu, he momo harakeke. Kua noho mai tērā hei tikanga motuhake tuawhā, i muri i ērā e mohio nuitia ana, pēnei nā:

ngaro⁴

[Tāne] ing. He harakeke roa, he torotika, he mātotoru, he rauwhero ngā whā, he pango ngā tapa, he tino pai, he tino kaha te muka, he harakeke pai mō te mahi muka, te raranga, me te mahi piupiu. Phormium tenax.

Ko ngā kupu i takea mai i te reo Pākehā, ka whai i muri i ngā kupu Māori taketake ake. Nō reira ko te 'karaka' mō te tangata tiaki tuhinga kōrero me te 'karaka' mō te taputapu tohu i te wā, ka whai i muri i te 'karaka' rākau nei.
Waihoki ngā aronga o ia kupu, ka takoto ko te aronga e tino mōhiotia nuitia ana i te tuatahi. Inā koa, mō te 'hau', ko te hau o te takiwā e rere noa ana i te mata o te whenua te aronga tuatahi, whai i muri ko te hau e kōpaki ana i te tangata, i te ao, ko te tuatoru ko te hau ka tukua e ngā pūkahukahu ki waho o te tinana, arā, ko te hau 'ha' nei.
I ngā wāhi i whakaarohia he ōrite tonu te kaha o te puta, o te mōhiotia o te kupu, i pēnei kē te whakaraupapa: ko ngā tūmahi (ā, mēnā he tūmahi whiti, he tūmahi poro anō, ko te tūmahi whiti ki mua), ko ngā tūingoa, ko ngā tūkē, kātahi ko ngā tūāhua. Anei tētahi tauira:

wehe¹

1. –a –nga [Tāne] mawh, ing, āhua. Ka mahi kia noho motuhake mai tētahi mea i te wāhanga matua, i te nuinga, i tētahi rōpū, i tētahi atu hanga rānei. Ko Rangi rāua ko Papa e pipiri tonu ana, kāore anō i wehea noatia (W 481). {heheu, heu² (1), iheuheu, ihi¹ (2), kape¹ (3), kokoti, koti¹ (1), kōwae, kōwaewae, momotu, tara⁵ (2), tauārai, tauehe, tauwehe, tāwae, tiriwā, tīwae, tohi¹ (2), totohi, tuakoi, tūwehe, tūwewehe, wae¹, wawae, wehewehe}
2. –a –nga [Tāne] hou. Ka tauwehe, ka wāwahi ki ōna anō wāhanga ōrite. Ko te ‘÷‘ tōna tohu. (i) Wehea te 12 ki te 4, ka 3. (ii) Ina wehea te 16 ki te 3, ka puta ko te 5, he 1 te toenga. {whakawehe}
3. –a –nga [Tūmatauenga] Ka whakahaere karakia hei patu i te aroha o te tangata mō tētahi atu, mō tētahi mea rānei. He kore tohunga māna hei wehe ki te wai, kia hemo ake ai te aroha i a au (W 481).
4. –nga [Tāne] mahp, ing, āhua. Ka neke kia noho motuhake mai tētahi mea i te wāhanga matua, i te nuinga, i tētahi rōpū, i tētahi atu hanga rānei. Tekau tau rāua e mārena ana, ka wehe mō te toru marama, kātahi ka piri anō.
5. –nga [Tāne] Ka whakarere i tētahi wāhi, ka takahi i te huarahi ki wāhi kē. Hei te iwa wehe atu ai taku waka rererangi, ka tae atu ki Tāmaki ā te tekau. {haere, maiki, paraitī, riro, tutuku, whakapoa²}
6. –nga [Tāne] āhua, ing, mahp. Kāore e nui ana te kai.
7. –nga [Ranginui & Papatūānuku] Iti te kai (o te tau). E rua tau ruru; e rua tau wehe; e rua tau mutu; e rua tau kai! (TT 21, wh9) {hiroki, tukuroa², waiika}

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NGĀ KUPU PŪHUI, NGĀ KĪANGA, NGĀ KĪWAHA

I tua atu i ngā kupu takitahi, he wā anō kua noho mai he kupu pūhui, he kīanga, he kīwaha rānei. Ko te nuinga o ēnei, kua whakairia mai ki te kupu whaikiko tuatahi. Hei tauira, ko te ‘niho kata’, kei raro mai i te kupu ‘niho’, ko te kōrero ‘(kua) hē ngā rā’, kei raro i te kupu ‘he’. Ko te ‘mea ake’ kei raro i te kupu ‘mea’, ā, he pērā anō te ‘nā te mea’, inā rā, ko te ‘mea’ te kupu whaikiko tuatahi o taua huinga kupu.